Biotech tropicana Systems: A P2 Private Sector Led Development Model.
An Outline of Selected Private Status Foundations
Aboubakar YARI1; Venus YARI1; And Myra YARI2
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Affiliations:
- Biotech tropicana Systems
- Biotech tropicana Systems
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The Biotech tropicana Systems are a private Biotech company that specialized on innovation of biotechnologies applicable in the areas of
- Biotechnology for the resource poor settings of the developing world
- Commercial space biotechnology, and
- Commercial deep sea biotechnology
Here, we discuss three scientific theories that support our choice to operate as a privately owned Biotech company operating through the private sector.
- Report of the High-Level African Panel on Modern Biotechnology Freedom to Innovate Biotechnology in Africa’s Development
“It is no secret that Africa’s history has been marked by a development narrative in which the benefits from science, technology and innovation have been enjoyed by few, instead of being seen as tools for the development of all citizens. Today this is changing and Africa’s leaders view science, technology and innovation as critical to human development, global competitiveness and ecological management …….. To improve commercialization and business capacity, Africa needs to: (1) foster R&D cooperative partnerships at the local, regional and international levels; (2) create policy instruments that enable business incubation and development; (3) develop functional market infrastructure for economic development; and (4) stress the role of technology in general and biotechnology in particular for SME development policy.”.
The High-Level African Panel on Modern Biotechnology
The report stressed in part:
Undertaken at the request of heads of state and government this report demonstrates what is needed to build the required capacity to harness and apply biotechnologies to improve agricultural productivity, public health, industrial development, economic competitiveness, and environmental sustainability (including biodiversity conservation) in Africa. It also shows that the measures needed to address biotechnology will strengthen Africa’s capacity to adapt other technologies to economic development.
This report is about biotechnology and the role it can play for development in Africa..
The report was compiled by a panel of experts (the High Level African Panel on Modern Biotechnology) from both inside and outside of the continent of Africa. The panel was put together by the African Union (AU) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). The panel’s report and the methodology used to compile it represent the most comprehensive and transparent assessment exercise of its kind.
This report has placed these systemic considerations in the context of the role of innovation in economic transformation. It challenges Africa’s heads of state and government to take seriously the importance of a coordinated approach in promoting technological innovation in development.
The AU is based on a common vision of a united and strong Africa and on the need to build a partnership between governments and all segments of civil society, in particular women, youth and the private sector, in order to strengthen
solidarity and cohesion amongst the peoples of Africa.
The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) is an AU affiliated development programme that was adopted in 2001. The objective of NEPAD is to stimulate Africa’s development by bridging existing gaps in agriculture, health, education, infrastructure, information and communication technology, environment, tourism, science and technology.
This report is about the role of biotechnology in the transformation of African economies. The implications of its recommendations, however, need to be seen beyond the confines of biological innovations. They address critical issues related to Africa’s place in a globalizing economy..
Africa’s Economic Successes and Challenges
Africa entered the new millennium as the world’s poorest continent, with economies growing slowly or declining, and per capita incomes low or falling. But things changed in 2004 when the economies of the AU as a whole grew by 4.6 per cent, the highest rate in a decade. The rise was largely driven by a strong global recovery, demand from consumers globally and
high commodity prices, high oil production and prices, although good macroeconomic management and agricultural performance along with improved political stability also played a part.
- The Millennium Project
Innovation: Applying Knowledge In Development
“Despite the importance of small and medium-size enterprises, investments and incentives to grow them have been minimal or nonexistent in most developing countries. The focus of governments and foreign investment in developing countries has been on large infrastructure and industrial projects. Supporting these enterprises is critical, but doing so is fraught with financial, administrative, legal, and market-related difficulties. Developing countries therefore can help foster the growth of small and medium-size enterprises by creating business and technology incubators, supporting clusters, and establishing export-processing zones”.
Task Force on Science, Technology, and Innovation.
The Millennium Project
The report is an independent publication that reflects the views of the members of the Task Force on Science, Technology, and Innovation.
The report stressed in part:
Policymakers in developing countries can do much to promote business activities in science, technology, and innovation. They can foster the creation and growth of small and medium-size enterprises, improve access to financial capital, establish industry extension services and help firms establish international partnerships and linkages, and use government procurement and selective industrial policies for technological development. Developing countries must also ensure that their enterprises comply with international agreements and meet international standards, including those governing intellectual property rights and phytosanitary and other standards.
Fostering the creation and growth of small and medium-size Enterprises
Small to medium-size enterprises should be encouraged to take a leading role in exploiting new opportunities. There is a need to develop, apply, and emphasize the important role of engineering, technology, and small enterprise development in poverty reduction and in sustainable social and economic development. Initiatives are needed that build capacity, establish appropriate financial systems, increase public awareness, craft and implement policy, and ensure that engineering and technology are included in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Governments, universities, NGOs, and international agencies all need to play roles in developing and implementing strategy.
In advanced industrial economies, small and medium-size enterprises have developed much of the innovative and cutting-edge technology (Andreassi, 2003). In many developing economies these enterprises have been the foundation of industrialization. In Taiwan (China), for example, small and medium size enterprises were the engines behind the post war industrial upgrading of the economy. By serving as suppliers to multinational corporations and foreign buyers, small and medium-size enterprises in Taiwan (China) gradually acquired both the process and product technologies that enabled the economy to upgrade its technology. Similar evidence on the role of small and medium size enterprises is emerging from mainland China (Gibb and Li 2003; Jun 2003).
- The Millennium Project
Investing In development
The UN Millennium Project is an independent advisory body commissioned by the UN Secretary-General to propose the best strategies for meeting the Millennium Development Goals
“This triumph of the human spirit gives us the hope and confidence that extreme poverty can be cut by half by the year 2015, and indeed ended altogether within the coming years. The world community has at its disposal the proven technologies, policies, financial resources, and most importantly, the human courage and compassion to make it happen.
The UN Millennium Project
The report stressed in part:
Promoting business opportunities in science and technology
Developing countries should use today’s technologies to help create new business opportunities. Most developing countries still distinguish between industrial policies that emphasize building manufacturing capabilities and those that support research and development (R&D) to generate new knowledge.
Adopting a “fast follower innovation strategy,” aimed at making full commercial use of existing technologies, would combine these two approaches while building a foundation for future R&D.
In promoting business opportunities, countries should focus on platform technologies that have broad applications or impacts in the economy, such as information and communications technology, biotechnology, and new materials. In addition, governments should adopt policies and invest in infrastructure that stimulates small and medium-size businesses, improves access to credit and other forms of capital, increases participation in international trade, and promotes the integration of regional markets. Attracting foreign direct investment can diffuse tacit knowledge and help enterprises learn about the world’s technological frontiers.
Promoting infrastructure development as a technology learning process
Infrastructure projects can also be a valuable part of a nation’s technological learning process. Every stage of an infrastructure project, from planning and design to construction and operation, involves the application of a wide range of technologies and requires deep understanding and capabilities from the many engineers, managers, and government officials. Policymakers need to recognize this dynamic role of infrastructure development in economic growth and take the initiative to acquire available technical knowledge from the international and local construction and engineering firms they contract with for such projects.
- The Millennium Challenge Account
“All of the MCA innovations are designed to answer longstanding criticisms within the development community of assistance effectiveness”.
In THE MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE
ACCOUNT: SPUR TO DEMOCRACY?
An Analysis by
ELIZABETH SPIRO CLARK
A long time member of the Journal’s
Editorial Board, was a Foreign Service officer from 1980 to
2000. She is now an associate at the Institute for the Study
of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and is a former fellow
at the National Endowment for Democracy’s
International Forum for Democratic Studies.
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The Biotech tropicana,IncCOMMUNITY program implements MCA concepts at community level; by replacing the word “country” in MCA concepts with the word “Biotech tropicana Systems” at community level and analysing data collected at specific community sites by Biotech tropicana,IncEXPLORER, for adjusting concept to community specific context for higher development impact.
Aboubakar YARI & Venus YARI, Owners
Myra YARI, Marketing Coordinator
Biotech tropicana Systems.
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The Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 set up a new entity, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, to implement a major new development assistance program.
The Millennium Challenge Account is accurately described as a bold, fresh approach to development assistance, in its method of selecting countries, developing and implementing grant programs and in the significant size of the expected grants.
MCA grants will be awarded on a foundation model, as opposed to the “country programming” approach used by USAID.
Instead of the U.S. designing projects and programs, recipient governments will have responsibility for developing proposals in line with their own development priorities.
Such country “ownership” is justified by the primary purposes of the MCA,
- to stimulate competition among countries
- to adopt a “good policy environment” (as measured by the MCA indicators), and
- to minimize corruption and waste in development assistance.
Each government’s proposal can be developed and implemented with the participation of nongovernmental organizations and the private sector and, indeed, all proposals must specify a plan for consultation with civil society and the private sector. Once a government has formulated its proposal, it then enters into negotiations with the MCC with the aim of signing a “com pact” that spells out a results structure against which the program’s progress will be evaluated.
Political Conditionality
All of the MCA innovations are designed to answer longstanding criticisms within the development community
of assistance effectiveness.
Study after study done in the World Bank during the 1990s connected poverty reduction and sustainable development with a “good policy environment” — meaning a well-governed country.
- Transparency,
- accountability
are all key to successful programs of sustainable development, but the best mechanism for all is functioning democratic institutions.
The question is, does doing democracy while using “governance” circumlocutions undercut the pressure for democracy-building needed to make programs of poverty reduction and sustainable development work?
A: your answer?
Author’s answer? See reference.
Conclusion:
We presented an outline of selected key scientific concepts that supported the free choice of the Biotech tropicana Systems to operate through the private sector.
References:
[1] Freedom to Innovate, Biotechnology in Africa’s Development. Report of the High-Level African Panel on Modern Biotechnology.
[2] The Millennium Project, Innovation: Applying Knowledge In Development
[3] The UN Millennium Project, Investing In development.
[4] ELIZABETH SPIRO CLARK, THE MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT: SPUR TO DEMOCRACY?
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