Mobilizing the engineering profession and young professionals Successful development of infrastructure services to meet the Goals requires mobilizing the energies of the engineering profession. Page 85.
Biotech tropicana Community recently lunches its SMARTinnovationDEMO program, aiming to raise awareness on the importance of technological innovation, for the developing world. The Biotech tropicana Systems Bioincubators, are innovating numerous technological systems, for the developing world, guided by the « new way » global development concepts, in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (UN MDG), and the United States Millennium Challenge Corporation (US MCC).
We agree with the United Nations task force on Science,Technology, and Innovation, that the role of developing world universities in a globalizing world, NEED TO CHANGE.
The task forc states in part :
Investment in science and technology education needs to increase, and the role of universities needs to change
Investment in science and technology education has been one of the most criti- cal sources of economic transformation. Such investment should be part of a larger framework to build capacities in science, technology, and innovation worldwide. Improvements in higher education need to be accompanied by the growth of economic opportunities, so that graduates can apply their acquired capabilities.
To build science, technology, and innovation capabilities, developing coun- tries need to devote resources to helping more young people, especially women, receive higher education. Although the education Goal is limited to achieving universal primary education, science education at the primary and secondary levels is also critical.
Higher education is more important than ever before in the developing world. The change reflects the increased demand for higher education due to improved access to schooling, pressing local and national concerns that require advanced knowledge to address, and a global economy that rewards technological expertise.
Universities can contribute to development in several ways.
They can undertake entrepreneurial activities that aim to improve regional or national economic and social performance. They can get involved with their commu- nities, gaining direct knowledge about social needs, some of which could be addressed through R&D activities.
They can conduct industrial R&D; create spin-off firms; participate in capital formation projects, such as technology parks and business incubator facilities; introduce entrepreneurial training and internships into their curricula; and encourage students to take research from the university to firms. Universities need to be transformed to play these roles. Eventually, new institutions need to be created that focus on business incubation and community development.
Reshaping universities to contribute to development will require adjustments in curricula, changes in schemes of service, modifications in pedagogy, shifts in the location of universities, and the creation of a wider institutional ecology that includes other parts of the development process. National devel- opment plans will need to incorporate new links between universities, indus- try, and government. These changes are likely to have an impact on the entire national innovation system, including firms, R&D institutes, and government organizations… Economic change is largely a process by which knowledge is transformed into goods and services. Creating links between knowledge generation and enterprise development is thus one of the greatest challenges facing developing countries.
Thoughts On Development 01/08/2011
Failed States : Common Enemies to Both Rich and Poor Nations « Alike »
«Poverty doesn’t cause terrorism. Being poor doesn’t make you a murderer. Most of the plotters of September 11th were raised in comfort. Yet persistent poverty and oppression can lead to hopelessness and despair. And when governments fail to meet the most basic needs of their people, these failed states can become havens for terror……….When nations refuse to enact sound policies, progress against poverty is nearly impossible. In these situations, more aid money can actually be counterproductive, because it subsidizes bad policies, delays reform, and crowds out private investment…..Today, I call for a new compact for global development, defined by new accountability for both rich and poor nations alike »
George W. BUSH, for the United States Millennium Challenge Corporation [REF 1]
«..... In other words, we’re making it clear that we will partner with countries that are willing to take the lead……. It’s the force that turned South Korea from a recipient of aid to a donor of aid……..We also recognize, though, that the old ways will not suffice. That’s why in Ghana last year I called for a new approach to development that unleashes transformational change and allows more people to take control of their own destiny. After all, no country wants to be dependent on another. No proud leader in this room wants to ask for aid. No family wants to be beholden to the assistance of others……. This is the reality we must face -- that if the international community just keeps doing the same things the same way, we may make some modest progress here and there, but we will miss many development goals. That is the truth..…. So let’s put to rest the old myth that development is mere charity that does not serve our interests. And let’s reject the cynicism that says certain countries are condemned to perpetual poverty, for the past half century has witnessed more gains in human development than at any time in history. From Latin America to Africa to Asia, developing nations have transformed into leaders in the global economy. ..
Barack Obama, for the United States Global Development Policy. [REF 2 ;3]
« The Biotech tropicana Systems will continue working for both the developing world and the developed world « alike » by providing technical support to governments of poor nations who are willing to « take the lead » by « enacting sound policies » , wisely investing aid money in their people to alleviate poverty and promote sustainable development for poor nations, while working to eliminate « failed states » to promote security for rich nations. Failed states are NOT ELIGIBLE to collaborate with Biotech tropicana Community, or any other entity of the Biotech tropicana Systems. The link between poverty alleviation and security in a globalizing world, is well established [REF 1 &2 & 3] The Biotech tropicana Systems recently initiated an action, in the Supreme Court of Benin Republic, to ensure that aid money provided by the Biotech tropicana Systems, is wisely invested toward poverty alleviation, in the resource-poor communities ».
Aboubakar YARI & Venus YARI, for the Biotech tropicana Systems. [REF 4 ; 5 ;6 ;7]
A Development model for Africa :from top to bottom or reversely, from bottom to top
An analysis from the Economist
With its multitude of problems, Africa is often treated like some ailing patient by international agencies, with regular bulletins on the continent's vital signs issuing from its bedside. And in case it ever gets out of the intensive-care ward, it also has a daunting rehabilitation programme to keep up with: the UN's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), agreed on in 2000,which set such targets as halving the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day by 2015……..
The latest bulletins on Africa's progress bring the usual mix of good and bad news. A combined World Bank-IMF report on the MDGs strikes some hopeful notes. There has been a reduction in child deaths in Burkina Faso and Mozambique, for instance, and the report cites a decline in HIV/AIDS infection rates in such high-prevalence countries as Uganda and Zimbabwe. But the report also says that African countries are still not doing enough to meet their targets on poverty reduction.
A report from Unicef, the United Nations Children's Fund, is still gloomier. Whereas China managed to cut its proportion of underweight children by more than half between 1990 and 2002 in Africa over a quarter of children under five are still underweight, "a catastrophe for development”. Moreover, in east and southern Africa the number of underweight children has actually increased.
According to professor Jeffrey Sachs, The sometimes pathetic performance of African countries, and in particular their governments, is not, he believes, a fair reflection of the desire and capacity of ordinary Africans to pull themselves out of poverty. Governments, often corrupt, can do only so much anyway.
To have a real chance of ending poverty, more needs to be spent at the bottom. In short, Africa's leap forward must begin, barefoot and with hoe in hand, in the parched and pestilential villages where up to 80% of poor Africans actually live. [REF 1]
The Biotech tropicana Systems are taking its « alternative technologies » to the remote villages of Africa, where they are most needed, to make a difference against poverty, for prosperity.
With the emergence of the « new way » models for approaching extreme poverty :
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (UN MDG)
The United States Millennium Challenge Corporation (US MCC)
The United States Global Development Policy ( US GDP)
Innovations in village macro economy models pioneered by professor Jeffrey Sachs Millennium Promise
Good wills such as George Soros philanthropic iniatiatives for democracy . [REF 2]
The Biotech tropicana Systems FOR PROFIT « compassionate capitalism » initiative. [REF 3]
The Biotech tropicana Systems believe that extreme poverty can not only be halved by 2015, but defeated all together, in the coming years. The counterproductive « old way » has no chance of survival. The « old way » poverty management models must go, for the « new way » poverty elimination models. The « new way » SHALL NOT negotiate with the « old way ».
The transformational changes imposed by the « new way » UN MDG, US MCC, and the US GDP, innovatitve initiatives such as the Millennium Villages, and the Biotech tropicana Community, on the developing world, are forcing many « old way » guided entities with limited innovative capabilities, to close. The Biotech tropicana Systems regret that.
With its innovative SMARTalternativeTECHS, the Biotech tropicana Systems are experiencing an exponential growth, on a global scale. Guided by its « compassionate capitalism » philosophy, the Biotech tropicana Systems are willing to hire the staff of the failed entities, who still want to contribute to global development challenges. We have good training programs open to concerned entities from both the developed and developing nations, to help in the transition process.
Tip : The new rules are straightforward. You innovate or you die.
Alternatively, give the Biotech tropicana Systems, a call.
Digital Divide : An abstract from an OECD Analysis
What is the digital divide?
As used here, the term "digital divide” refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard both to their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) and to their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities.
The digital divide reflects various differences among and within countries. The ability of individuals and businesses to take advantage of the Internet varies significantly across the OECD area as well as between OECD and non-member countries. Access to basic telecommunications infrastructures is fundamental to any consideration of the issue, as it precedes and is more widely available than access to and use of the Internet.
The so-called "digital divide” raises a number of questions. Where does it occur and why? What are its causes? How is it to be measured? What are the relevant parameters? What is its extent, that is, how wide is the digital divide? Where is it most critical? What are its effects likely to be in the short term? In the longer term? What needs to be done to alleviate it? These questions have only recently been raised, and it is not possible, as yet, to answer all of them with any certainty. »
Measuring the digital divide
Because of the current interest in these issues, both among governments and the public, the OECD has begun efforts to measure the digital divide. In addition to communications infrastructures, important indicators appear to be computer availability – and potentially the availability of alternative access through TVs or mobile phones – and Internet access (these are "readiness” indicators).
The digital divide among households appears to depend primarily on two variables, income and education. Other variables, such as household size and type, age, gender, racial and linguistic backgrounds and location also play an important role. The differences in PC and Internet access by household income are very large and increasing, but access in lower income groups is rising. Largely through its effects on income, the higher the level of education, the more likely individuals are to have access to ICTs. Other important indicators concern differences in the profiles of countries, individuals and businesses that use, and make the most use of, the possibilities offered by the new information technologies and the Internet.
As with all efforts to measure new phenomena, much of the information included here represents a first effort to obtain data on the dimensions of the digital divide. Because harmonised cross-country data collection does not exist for measuring some of the relevant phenomena, the figures are often not comparable in terms of time and coverage. However, because access to and development of information, communication and e-commerce resources are increasingly viewed as crucial for economic and social development (for reasons of efficiency and because of network effects), OECD countries have begun to examine how best to ensure access for citizens, businesses and regions to these technologies and services. To do so efficiently and effectively, it is important that governments have information on the nature and extent of the digital divide and on the kinds of measures that can help to overcome it.
Overcoming the digital divide
The importance of policy and regulatory reform needs to be underlined. The policy rationale is the social benefits to be derived from the spillovers and positive externalities associated with diffusion and greater use of ICTs and related improvements to the skill base. Governments also recognise the economic activity that may result from electronic commerce.
The liberalisation of telecommunication markets and rigorous implementation of competition in OECD countries have stimulated new investment and increased demand for communications access and services through falling prices and the offer of new innovative products. Non-OECD countries can learn valuable lessons from the liberalisation that has taken place in OECD countries and the economic and social benefits this has engendered.
The evidence of the benefits of liberalisation in this area is mounting in a number of developing countries which have seen the growth in wireless networks resulting from competition. [REF 1]
The Biotech tropicana Community Project, under development in the Biotech tropicana Systems, is methodically working its way toward producing its modest impact, in alleviating the digital divide between the developed and developing world.
Biotech tropicana Community ICT program received considerable support from London, United Kingdom.
The feasibility study is in good progress.
We appreciate the contribution of concerned institutions from the developed world, manifested in the form of computer donation to the Biotech tropicana Community project, for both the developed and the developing world.
This is a message of gratitude from
The Founders
Aboubakar YARI & Venus YARI
Biotech tropicana Systems
References :
[1] Understanding The Digital Divide ; OECD (1999), The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce: Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda. Available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/57/1888451.pdf , page (5) 4.
The benefits of Information and Communication technologies for the developing world
The benefits of the new technologies are the result not only of an increase in connectivity or broader access to ICT facilities per se. They accrue from the facilitation of new types of development solutions and economic opportunities that ICT deployment makes possible.
When strategically deployed andintegrated into the design of development interventions, ICT can stretch develop-mentresourcesfartherbyfacilitatingthedevelopmentofcost-effectiveand scalable solutions.
Networking technology can be deployed to enable developing countries to benefit from new economic opportunities emerging from the reorganization of production and services taking placein the networked global economy. ICT will become one of the main enablers in the pursuit of poverty alleviation and wealth creation in developed and developing countries alike. At the same time, as afacilitator of knowledge networking and distributed processing ofinformation, ICT can be used to foster increased sharing of knowledge.
......Two years into the project, set up last year by the economist Jeffrey Sachs as part of the UN Millennium Development Goals, the results have been staggering. Maize yield has tripled. Malaria rates have more than halved. The primary school, which was failing, is now in the top 10 in the province.
The $70 per capita provided by donors is the exact sum the rich world is committed to spend on development in Africa every year...... If the results in Sauri are replicated in the 11 other projects across 10 African countries it could fundamentally change the way aid is delivered.
Professor Sachs said: "The point of this is not about transferring money. It is about investing in very practical things." ……..
The Millennium Village financing model is built on the premise that, with modest support, Millennium Village economies can transition from subsistence farming to self-sustaining commercial activity. Funding and implementing a Millennium Village is a shared effort among the Millennium Villages project, donors, NGOs, local and national governments, and the village community itself.
Each Millennium Village budgets an investment of $120 per person per year. Half of this is mobilized directly through the MVP initiative, and the other half comes from partners, including the community itself ($10), the national government ($30), and NGO partners ($20). Given the trends in global inflation, the total cost in 2010 might reach approximately $160 per capita. Despite this the MVP has continued to work within its own budget.
The guiding principle of the MVP budget framework does not imply a top-down set of fixed interventions across every community. Instead, it implies a basic approach to multi-sector budgeting that ensures communities have access to a minimum set of basic goods and services, including agricultural inputs, primary health services, functioning schools with school meals, clean drinking water, sanitation, and simple infrastructure. The agricultural investments support an increase in food production and a transformation from subsistence farming to commercial farming. The health interventions target child and maternal survival and the control of the major diseases, including HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, and worm infections (neglected tropical diseases). The education interventions support universal primary school completion, improvements in school facilities, and the establishment of school meals programs. The infrastructure investments focus on electrification, feeder roads, and water and sanitation. All of these are areas in which national and international programs, if properly scaled-up as promised at the Monterrey International Conference on Financing for Development in 2002 and the G8 Gleneagles Summit in 2005, would support nation-wide investments at the levels envisaged in the MVP.
The MVP aims to spur broad scaling up of integrated rural investments for MDGs.
Local Ownership Critical to the sustainability of the Millennium Villages is the need to empower the entire community, including women and vulnerable groups, by building local technical, administrative, and entrepreneurial capacity. In conjunction with improved health and education, this transformation encourages women and men to establish their own businesses, to take advantage of microfinance and micro-enterprise opportunities and to explore income earning possibilities beyond farming. Participatory, community-led decision-making is central to the way Millennium Villages work and is also fundamental to sustainability.
Establishing community agreement to become one of the Millennium Villages sites takes place through a series of discussions with elected and appointed officials, community committees, and open forums at the local level. Discussions entail a description of the MDGs, a brief summary of the UN Task Force Recommendations for meeting the MDGs, and the concept behind the Millennium Villages project. This village dialogue is a means of assuring transparency and carries through the course of the entire project. Once agreement is established, specific committees and community members begin the process of identifying and evaluating project possibilities with the support of a scientific team and local partners. Together they create a package of village-specific project initiatives that are deemed most appropriate and cost effective. They also produce a community action plan for implementing and managing these projects.
All along, Millennium Villages fosters and empowers democratic practices, and actively promotes gender equality in decision-making and allocation of resources. On-site facilitators in community management and oversight, agriculture and the environment, and health and infrastructure are hired through the village budget. Wherever possible these facilitators are seconded from line ministries or hired locally. A training center is also established in the community.
« Most developing country governments acknowledge that science, technology, and innovation are important tools for development. But their policy approaches differ considerably.
Most countries still distinguish between science, technology, and innovation policies designed to focus on the generation of new knowledge through support for R&D and industrial policies that emphasize building manufacturing capabilities. Convergence of the two approaches would focus attention on the use of existing technologies while building a foundation for long-term R&D activities………
This approach requires that attention be paid to existing technologies, especially platform (generic) technologies that have broad applications for or impacts on the economy. Until recently, countries relied on investment in specific industries (textiles, automobile manufacturing, chemicals) with broad linkages in the productive sector to stimulate economic growth. Policy attention has now turned to ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and new materials as platform technologies whose combined impacts will have profound implications for long-term economic transformation ».
Development: A New Millennium Definition Perspective
First, we’re changing how we define development. For too long, we’ve measured our efforts by the dollars we spent and the food and medicines that we delivered. But aid alone is not development. Development is helping nations to actually develop -- moving from poverty to prosperity. And we need more than just aid to unleash that change. We need to harness all the tools at our disposal -- from our diplomacy to our trade policies to our investment policies.
Second, we are changing how we view the ultimate goal of development. Our focus on assistance has saved lives in the short term, but it hasn’t always improved those societies over the long term. Consider the millions of people who have relied on food assistance for decades. That’s not development, that’s dependence, and it’s a cycle we need to break. Instead of just managing poverty, we have to offer nations and peoples a path out of poverty.
Now, let me be clear, the United States of America has been, and will remain, the global leader in providing assistance.....But the purpose of development -- what’s needed most right now -- is creating the conditions where assistance is no longer needed. So we will seek partners who want to build their own capacity to provide for their people. We will seek development that is sustainable.
Barack OBAMA, For The United States Global Development Policy.
Many of the old models of economic development assistance are outdated. Money that is not accompanied by legal and economic reform are oftentimes wasted….Today, I call for a new compact for global development, defined by new accountability for both rich and poor nations alike. Greater contributions from developed nations must be linked to greater responsibility from developing nations. The United States will lead by example. We will increase our development assistance by $5 billion over the next three budget cycles. These funds will go into a new Millennium Challenge Account. The goal is to provide people in developing nations the tools they need to seize the opportunities of the global economy. In return for this additional commitment, we expect nations to adopt the reforms and policies that make development effective and lasting. The world’s help must encourage developing countries to make the right choices for their own people, and these choices are plain. Good government is an essential condition of development. So the Millennium Challenge Account will reward nations that root out corruption, respect human rights, and adhere to the rule of law.
George W. BUSH, For the United States Millennium Challenge Corporation
The Biotech tropicana Community program is designed to help the poor of the developing world, help themselves, by building capacity, providing training, and by including the poor in the design process of the programs, so as to in long term, help the poor free themselves from a chronic dependency on international aid, and create grounds for a development that is "effective and lasting".
Biotech tropicana Community program is a strict departure from the "old way" development approaches, proven "counterproductive". We urge partisans of the "old way" NOT TO consider any form of collaboration with Biotech tropicana Community, or any other entity of the Biotech tropicana Systems. However, we stay stay open to partisans of the old way, who are willing to make the necessary transition from old to new way development approaches. Aboubakar YARI & Venus YARI For the Biotech tropicana Systems. Available at http://btcommunity.ucoz.com/ . Accessed February 13, 2011.
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